Scripture for Anxiety: 7 Best Bible Verses to Help Teens Find Peace
╰┈➤ If one is overwhelmed by anxiety, there are “scriptures for anxiety” that provide words for teens and adolescents to pray about and meditate on when their mind starts racing due to fear. There are several scriptures that mention fear, worry, peace, trust, and God’s presence and provision. Examples of such scriptures are Philippians 4:6-7, 1 Peter 5:7, Matthew 6:25-34, and Psalm 55:22. In addition, teens and adolescents can take these verses as spiritual comfort, while coping strategies and professional assistance help to cope with anxiety problems interfering with daily functioning. In this article, we will discuss the most suitable scriptural passages for anxiety, their meaning for teens, how to use these verses in case of anxiety attacks, and when anxiety needs mental health assistance. What Does the Bible Say about Anxiety? Well, the Bible does not try to deny the reality of fear and worry. On the contrary, there are many biblical references to the troubles people are having and encourage them to pray about them to God. However, one of the most clear-cut examples is found in Philippians 4:6–7, when Paul is urging believers to pray and thank God for everything. It is noted there that prayer leads to God’s peace, which guards the heart and mind. This message may resonate with teens in particular. A teen may be afraid of: A test about to happen Making friends Being bullied Family issues Your future Academic pressures Your looks Difficult social events Love life Career decisions Feeling inadequate So, the Bible does not tell you to deny the existence of such problems. On the contrary, the Bible can help you turn them into your prayers instead. 7 Best Scriptures for Anxiety, Fear, and Worry: Well, these are the best verses from the Bible that many Christians find consoling when they’re feeling nervous or stressed. 1. Philippians 4:6–7 — Bring Your Worries to God The book of Philippians urges the believers to take their worries to God through prayer and thanksgiving rather than bearing all their worries by themselves. The verses move on to mention the peace of God that guards the heart and the mind. Rather than solving all your worries right away, you can take a moment and pray for your concerns. So, for a teenager who is suffering from exam pressure, friends’ issues, or even an uncertain future, this passage can be quite meaningful. 2. 1 Peter 5:7 – You Don’t Need to Carry the Whole Load on Your Own Well, 1 Peter 5:7 gives a clear message to hand over your anxieties to God because “He” cares about you. Thus, this assurance soothes your emotional pain if anxiety causes you to feel alone. For example, a teenager may think: “No one knows how I feel.” But it brings another side to the issue. Your worries are important, and you can share them with God without reservation. You can also share with those whom you trust. Faith and people don’t exclude each other. They can go hand in hand in your difficult times. 3. Matthew 6:25–34 — Do Not Let Tomorrow Steal Today In chapter 6 of Matthew, Jesus gives a lot of teaching on the topic of anxiety. He talks about birds and flowers as a reminder that God cares and says that people should not worry about the future. However, the most valuable thought that Jesus offers is at the end of this chapter: “Tomorrow has enough troubles, but today also has its own problems.” This is especially helpful for teenagers who always try to think far ahead. For instance: “I will fail this test.” “What if I won’t go to college?” “What if my friends won’t be my friends anymore?” “What if my future life will be bad?” Thus, anxiety makes one problem into ten future problems. So, Matthew 6 reminds you to stay in the present moment. Try to ask yourself the following question: “What do I really need to cope with today?” Maybe it’s as simple as studying for an hour, speaking with your teacher, sleeping well, or asking your parents for help. 4. Psalm 55:22 — Give Your Burden to God In Psalm 55:22, believers are advised to give their burdens to the Lord instead of trying to bear the burden on their own. Burden is an important word here. At times, anxiety can feel like a heavy burden carried by you in a bag that no one sees. Even while attending classes, socializing, doing homework, and even laughing, you still feel tired from the inside out. So, this scripture tells you that you can actually carry the burden instead of putting up a front. 5. Isaiah 41:10 — A Reminder When Fear Feels Strong Isaiah 41:10 is yet another popularly used scripture that deals with fear and anxiety. This particular verse calls on God’s people not to be afraid and reminds them of the omnipresence of God as well as his strength and help. A teenager might turn this verse into a simple prayer: “I am afraid, but I am not alone.” The difference is crucial. In the end, being afraid doesn’t always mean that something bad will happen to a person. 6. Psalm 34:4 — When Fear Feels Overwhelming Psalm 34:4 describes seeking God and being delivered from fears. Well, this scripture is appropriate when there is a specified fear. Perhaps a teen may fear: Speaking in public Being rejected Failing Being judged Being alone Going to school The unknown future So, instead of trying to hide your fear, you can vocalize it during your prayer. For instance: “Lord, I am fearful of being rejected. Help me deal with this without fear controlling me.” Thus, prayer then becomes personal and not just a recitation of words. 7. John 14:27 — Finding Peace in the Middle of Fear There is another verse which is significant for anyone looking for Bible verses on anxiety and peace. In this
Erratic Behavior in Teens: Signs, Causes & When to Get Help
╰┈➤ Erratic teenage behavior can be defined as any unpredictable, unexpected, or unusual behavioral changes in the way a person acts, reacts, interacts, and makes decisions. So, the teenager becomes extremely irritable, avoids his friends, takes extreme risks, or changes his mood instantly. Although it is normal for teens to experience mood swings from time to time, consistent behavioral changes that adversely affect their education, socialization, home relationships, and even personal safety might indicate a problem. In this article, we will discuss what erratic behavior means in teens, its symptoms, causes, the connection with mental illnesses, and how parents and teenagers can deal with such behavior. What Is Erratic Behavior in Teens? Erratic behavior is a term used to describe behavior that does not follow any definite pattern, and psychologists don’t classify it as a mental disorder. For Example: A normally calm and composed teenager may suddenly become overly angry over unimportant issues. Alternatively, a child may withdraw from interacting with friends, take risks, and show behavior that does not belong to him at all. So, “Erratic behavior” is a term used to denote a pattern of behavior. This is an important distinction. There may be significant reasons behind the erratic behavior of a teen, such as stress, lack of sleep, family problems, peer pressure, etc. However, people suffering from anxiety disorder, depression, ADHD, bipolar disorder, psychological trauma, addiction, and other mental disorders show similar behavior. What Does Erratic Behavior Look Like in Teenagers? Well, erratic behavior may manifest itself in any emotional, social, physical, or decision-making manner. Some of the common examples of erratic behavior are as follows: Marked changes in moods Marked episodes of anger or aggression Taking action without observing consequences Withdrawing suddenly from one’s family or peers Taking risks that are out of character for the young individual Marked changes in sleeping pattern Changes in the level of academic performance Becoming very secretive Changes in personality or interests Changes in one’s appearance or personal hygiene Arguing and being defiant Periods of being unusually energetic Talking very fast Taking decisions that are not thoughtful Use of alcohol or drugs Apparent confusion, fear, suspicion, or lack of touch with reality However, a single unusual event does not necessarily point to any problem. The real question is: “Has there been any major change in this teenager’s normal behavior?” Is Erratic Behavior Normal During the Teen Years? Yes, there is a significant chance of developing erratic behavior during the teen years. One of the main reasons is that this period comes with significant physical, emotional, social, and psychological changes. Thus, adolescents feel more frustration, excitement, sadness, irritation, and embarrassment than they had previously. In addition, mood swings become very common at this stage of life. An adolescent can go from being happy after school to feeling irritated owing to a conflict with a friend, or even from wanting independence to asking for help from their parents. Normal Teen Mood Changes vs. Concerning Behavior Normal Teen Mood Changes: Normally teenage behavior is likely to be: Short-lived In response to reasonable circumstances Moderate in nature Not highly disruptive Followed by a return to normal life functions Concerning Behavior: On the other hand, problematic behavior is likely to: Be ongoing for several weeks or more Increase in severity Present itself in a variety of locations Affect school or relationships Cause great distress Include risky or impulsive behavior Indicate a major deviation from normal teen personality Additionally, the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH) advises seeking professional help when an emotional or behavioral problem continues to happen for weeks or months, causing distress, or affecting working at home, at school, or relationships with peers and family. Common Causes of Erratic Behavior in Teens: Well, there is no single cause of erratic behavior. Often multiple issues coincide. 1. Stress and Emotional Overload Tasks at school, exams, issues with friends, conflicts within the family, bullying, relationship breakups, financial worries, and concerns about the future can be too much for a teen. In case of stress build-up, the following behaviors can take place: Irritability Lethargy Reactivity Impulsiveness Sensitivity Mood swings Aggression However, sometimes the so-called “misbehavior” is the reaction to emotional overload. 2. Poor Sleep Well, improper sleep significantly affects emotional regulation, attention, and impulse control. Poor sleep causes irritability, emotional reactivity, forgetfulness, or impulsiveness. According to NIMH, lack of sleep makes it harder for teenagers to control their emotions, pay attention, and study properly. So, evaluation of any psychological disorder necessarily needs to check basic reasons for certain behavior, including sleeping patterns, stress, nutrition, etc. 3. Anxiety Well, anxiety does not necessarily take the form of fear. Teenagers suffering from anxiety may show: Irritability Anger Avoidance Restlessness Difficulties concentrating Reassurance-seeking behavior constantly Withdrawal However, if a teenager stops participating in social gatherings, he is not necessarily “turning antisocial,” but avoiding events that trigger anxiety. 4. Depression Well, sadness is not the sole sign of depression. There are many other indicating factors. A teenager suffering from depression can become irritable, have no interest in activities, withdraw from other people, sleep much or not at all, feel tired and unenergetic, or perform poorly in school. However, when these behavioral problems come across with feelings of sadness, hopelessness, loss of interest, or even suicidal thoughts, seeking professional help is crucial. 5. ADHD and Impulsiveness: ADHD sufferers among teenagers usually have trouble with impulsive behavior, paying attention, organizing their time, and are at risk. Such behaviors may be manifested as interrupting others, doing rash actions, losing important items, and an inability to control their impulses. Regardless of everything, the disorder is always accompanied by stable symptoms, not a sudden change of personality. The CDC mentions that the symptoms of ADHD can affect the learning, home, and social life of teenagers and need to be examined by a medical professional. 6. Bipolar Disorder Bipolar disorder includes distinct episodes of extremely elevated and irritable mood or
Oldest Child Syndrome in Teens: Signs, Causes, & What Helps
╰┈➤ Oldest child syndrome refers to several emotions and behaviors that are often attributed to firstborns, including responsibility towards their younger siblings, the need to live up to their parents’ high expectations, excessive independence, and always being the “responsible” one. Nonetheless, it should be noted that there is no medical condition known as oldest child syndrome, and neither being an eldest sibling nor any of the above factors will make a person experience it automatically. Other aspects, like family expectations, parenting techniques, relationships with other siblings, culture, and even parentification, may affect teenagers’ mental state more. In this article, we will take a closer look at oldest child syndrome in teenagers. What Is Oldest Child Syndrome? Oldest child syndrome is a well-known phenomenon that refers to particular behavior patterns seen in some first-born kids due to their status in the family. For example, the oldest child can have a feeling that he should: Be a role model for younger siblings Assist parents with raising brothers and sisters Obey certain rules Excel in studies Be more mature than his age Never make a mistake Protect younger siblings Take responsibility in case of any issue; Not tell about family problems outside the family; Well, many of these duties are totally normal. The older siblings usually assist with household chores or take care of younger kids. However, things take a serious turn when responsibility becomes age-inappropriate or makes teenagers feel responsible for everybody else’s happiness. Taking care of younger siblings is not a psychological disorder. But when you feel that you need to be a parent, this can become very stressful. Is Oldest Child Syndrome a Real Diagnosis? Well, “Oldest Child Syndrome” is not considered to be a psychological or psychiatric disorder. “Oldest Child Syndrome” is not a type of mental disorder listed anywhere in any official classification of mental disorders. Mental health experts analyze the case of each patient, who may suffer from conditions such as anxiety, depression, stress, family issues, parentification, etc. One of the reasons why people think so is because of the previous theories on how birth order affects a person. According to the idea of birth order by Alfred Adler, personality traits according to the birth order among siblings appeared to be an influential factor. Moreover, as per the birth order theories explained by Psychology Today, founded by Alfred Adler, a teen’s positioning in the family structure can influence his drive for success and sense of responsibility, despite the scientific world considering such behavior patterns as results of environmental influence and not inborn characteristics. Nowadays, these theories are not supported, as modern researchers have proven that first-born do not possess any particular personality traits. According to the research published in PNAS, the only advantage first-born children possess is related to their intelligence, while there is no difference in extraversion, emotional stability, agreeableness, conscientiousness, and imagination. Hence, being the oldest child and having many of the characteristics associated with “Oldest Child Syndrome” doesn’t mean at all that your birth order made you that way. Common Signs of Oldest Child Syndrome in Teens: Even though there is no checklist for oldest child syndrome, there are some common traits that may be present in adolescents who experience extreme stress due to their position in the family. 1. You Think It Is Your Job to Take Care of Everybody You always remain worried about your younger brothers and sisters, your parents, or the atmosphere in general at home. For instance, if your younger brother starts to have problems in school, you will assume that you should solve the issue right away. You think: “It is my job to make sure everything is alright.” 2. You Come Last When It Comes to Your Needs You tend to give priority to other people’s needs, neglecting yours. Over time, this can make self-care feel selfish even though it isn’t. 3. Pressure to be a Role Model Parents may say to their older children: “Your younger brother is watching you.” At times, this saying can be motivating. However, constant pressure to act flawlessly can create fear of making any mistakes among teenagers. As a result, you may start thinking that not being perfect is letting your family down. 4. Difficulty Asking for Help Sometimes the oldest child becomes very independent. They learn by themselves to cope with problems and usually do not share their issues with parents or friends. It’s good to be independent, but hyper-independence can be a problem when you think you shouldn’t need any help. 5. Difficult Saying No You may be ready to babysit, tutor someone, take care of household chores, deal with family problems, and so on even when you are tired. So, you may always say yes since it is hard for you to say no due to feeling guilty. 6. Guilt when You’re Being Selfish Sometimes when you want to be out with your peers at the weekend, and you have some younger siblings who need your attention, rather than just choosing what’s best for everybody, you feel guilty about wanting to leave your house. Guilt can make it extremely difficult to be a normal teenager. 7. Becoming a Perfectionist Some teenagers try to become perfect to meet their family’s expectations. So, they become obsessed with grades, behavior, athletics, appearance, or future career. A mistake seems very serious since, in their minds, achieving perfection means being “a good” oldest child. 8. Feeling Emotionally Older Than Your Peers Well, after becoming an “Oldest-perfect child”, you may no longer be interested in conversations about normal teenage issues, but all you want is to think about money problems, parents’ arguments, your siblings’ problems, or household things. Thus, this makes you feel “older” than your age. Oldest Child Syndrome and Parentification: Well, parentification is one of the main concepts that you should learn together with the concept of Oldest Child Syndrome. Parentification is the process by which a child assumes
Mood Ring Color Meaning: What Every Color Means
╰┈➤ Well, the phrase “Mood Ring Color Meaning” refers to a set of emotions that the various colors displayed in a mood ring symbolize, including blue representing calmness, green representing balance, yellow/amber indicating nervousness, and black symbolizing stress. Despite the meaning of the colors in a mood ring, mood rings do not, in fact, measure any emotion. Mood rings consist of temperature-sensitive materials known as thermochromic liquid crystals, which turn colors depending on your body temperature. This article will take you through the mood ring color meaning, what each color stands for, how mood rings work, whether they measure emotions, and the meanings of the changing colors. What Does a Mood Ring Color Mean? The mood ring is supposed to change colors depending on temperature. Every single color has its own meaning of emotion, and thus, the mood ring color chart is known to everyone. It is shown below: Mood Ring Color Common Meaning 🟣 Purple Passion, excitement, creativity 🔵 Dark blue Happiness, affection, strong emotions 🔵 Blue Calm, relaxed, peaceful 🟢 Blue-green Relaxed or comfortable 🟢 Green Balanced, normal, emotionally steady 🟡 Yellow Nervousness, uncertainty, mental activity 🟠 Orange Tension, nervousness, excitement ⚫ Gray Anxiety, nervousness, uneasiness ⚫ Black Stress, tension, or low temperature ⚪ White Confusion, frustration, or emotional uncertainty 🟤 Brown Restlessness or nervousness 🔴 Red Strong energy, passion, anger, or excitement Quick insight: It should be noted that there isn’t any scientific mood ring color chart universally accepted by everyone. It all depends on the material of which the rings are made, and the temperature range of the color scale used. How Do Mood Rings Work? Well, the science behind the mechanism of a mood ring is more fascinating than the perception that a mood ring will be able to “read” your mind. Mood rings are traditionally made up of liquid crystal thermochromics, which are crystals that change their helical structure, in which they reflect light depending on temperature changes. However, with changes in temperature around the crystals, there is an alteration in the molecular structure, causing the stones to change their color. The ring is supposed to be placed on your finger, and therefore, the temperature of your fingers will affect the temperature-sensitive crystals. If your fingers get warm, then the crystals may shift toward one particular color, and if they get cold, they may shift toward the other. Why Does Temperature Matter? Skin temperature fluctuates throughout the day. Some of the factors that influence skin temperature include: Temperature of the room Cold weather Exercises Physical activities Blood circulation Physical reactions caused by stress Grasping something hot or cold Washing your hands Taking off or putting on the ring Thus, if your mood ring abruptly turns dark because you have stepped out in cold weather, it does not mean that you are stressed at all. Mood Ring Color Meaning: Blue Well, the color usually represents calmness, relaxation, peacefulness, and emotional stability. So, often we think that a person is in a relaxed mood if he is wearing a blue colored mood ring; on the other hand, darker shades of blue may represent more powerful emotions, joy, love, or passion. Example: Take an example where you are at home, relaxing after doing your homework, while listening to your favorite songs, and your hands are warm. In such a case, your mood ring becomes blue. Traditionally speaking: Blue indicates that the person is calm and relaxed. Scientifically speaking: The ring measures a temperature condition and not happiness. Mood Ring Color Meaning: Green Green is historically linked to an ordinary, balanced, or even a mentally stable condition. Green has traditionally been viewed as the “baseline” color on traditional mood ring graphs. Therefore, it symbolizes an ordinary middle state rather than an extreme mental condition. For teenagers, this could help remind one that not all emotions require an overly dramatic categorization. One could just feel fine. Neither excessively happy. Nor unusually anxious. Simply comfortable. In the end, the colors often symbolize this ordinary mental condition on traditional mood ring graphs. Mood Ring Color Meaning: Yellow Yellow represents nervousness, insecurity, curiosity, or mental alertness. Some modern mood ring color charts view yellow as an indication of mild anxiety or emotional insecurity, while others believe that yellow symbolizes concentration and an active thinking process. However, there are big differences in these descriptions between various mood ring manufacturers. For example, let’s imagine you are standing outside the classroom waiting for the crucial examination and suddenly see that your ring turned yellow. At first glance, it might seem like “My ring understands that I am nervous.” However, there is another reason why it happened. Your hands became cooler because of some circulatory or environmental changes. Mood Ring Color Meaning: Orange or Amber The color orange or amber is frequently associated with nervousness, excitement, anticipation, or tension. Such colors occupy a warmer side of mood ring diagrams. Orange, for instance, may indicate anxiety: Before giving a speech Before meeting a stranger Before participating in a sports event Before taking an exam Before going on a date In the end, the ring color does not diagnose the emotion; it responds to temperature changes. Mood Ring Color Meaning: Red Red color represents strong feelings like passion, excitement, rage, or increased energy levels. In view of the fact that the color red is traditionally connected with strong feelings, most mood rings’ color charts assign the meaning of strong emotion to this color. Nevertheless, the reason why the color may appear red can be due to the specific temperature of the crystals in the ring. Mood Ring Color Meaning: Purple Purple is generally believed to symbolize passion, excitement, creativity, attraction, or strong emotions. Purple also has some spiritual meaning on modern mood ring color charts and relates to romance or strong emotions. This is a good illustration of why you should use the color chart that came along with your particular mood ring. So,
Depressive Disorder in Teens: Symptoms, Causes, & Treatment
╰┈➤ Depressive disorder is a psychological illness that involves constant changes in a teen’s mood, interests, energy levels, sleeping habits, thought patterns, and general day-to-day functioning. While adolescents may suffer from depression in the form of sadness, they may also develop an abnormal amount of irritability, detachment from social interactions, tiredness, anger, or a loss of interest in hobbies. Once these symptoms persist over several weeks and affect an adolescent’s schoolwork, social life, or even thoughts of death and self-harm, they call for professional intervention. In this article, we will discuss depressive disorder among adolescents, such as its symptoms, causes, types, treatments, diagnosis, and ways for parents and adolescents to get appropriate help. What Is a Depressive Disorder in Teens? Well, a depressive disorder in teens is neither a bad mood nor sadness resulting from an argument, failure in an examination, breakup, or disappointment of any kind. This kind of depression refers to serious changes in emotions, physical functions, thoughts, and behaviors that persist for weeks or months to impair a teenager’s functioning. However, in psychology, the most commonly known depressive disorder among teenagers is Major Depressive Disorder (MDD), also known as major depression or clinical depression. This type of depression can bring significant emotional and behavioral changes in teens. Such changes can be: Sleep too much or too little Have eating problems Be tired regardless of rest Feel unable to focus and make decisions Refuse to take part in activities in school or elsewhere Feel worthless, guilty, or feel like a burden Social isolation Hopelessness Experience some physical issues, such as headaches and stomachaches Thinking of death, suicide, or even self-harming However, symptoms vary from case to case. Irritability is one of the most common signs of depression in teenagers. Depression vs Normal Teen Moodiness Well, it’s normal to have mood swings during teenage years because of changing hormones, stress at school, peer relationships, problems within the family, and wanting freedom. However, how can you know when you have clinical depression? It comes down to three main factors: How long does it last? How severe is it? How it affects daily life. Normal Mood Changes Possible Depression Usually connected to a specific event. May continue even when circumstances improve Mood eventually improves Low or irritable mood persists. Teenagers still enjoy their favorite activities. Loses interest in things they normally enjoy Sleep and appetite remain fairly stable. Major changes in sleep or eating School performance remains relatively stable. Grades or attendance may decline. Maintains relationships Increasing withdrawal or isolation Can still experience pleasure Little or no pleasure in usual activities Quick insight: An adolescent doesn’t have to experience all of the symptoms before you take their struggles seriously. So, if a person has been having problems for many weeks or his conduct has changed greatly, a professional assessment for this depressive disorder may be beneficial. What Are the Symptoms of Depressive Disorder in Teens? The condition of depression may impact nearly every aspect of the life of a teenager. The symptoms of the disorder have to be analyzed in different categories rather than seeking signs of being sad. Emotional Symptoms Emotional symptoms include: Constant sadness Hopelessness Emptiness Irritability Anger and frustration Unreasonable guilt Worthlessness Lack of empathy for others regarding their condition Emotional numbness Moreover, some teenagers might say that “I don’t care anymore” rather than saying that they feel depressed. This remark might play an essential role, especially if it differs significantly from the person’s character traits. Behavioral Symptoms People surrounding the depressed teen may notice that: The adolescent stops playing sports or participating in any other activity Avoids friends Spends a lot of time alone Doesn’t do homework Doesn’t go to school Doesn’t communicate with others Is unable to meet his responsibilities Tends to drink alcohol and take drugs Gets angry and quarrelsome Sometimes the behavioral symptoms appear even before the discussion of the problem begins. Physical Symptoms Depression doesn’t only happen to the psyche; it affects physical health also. Teens may experience: Fatigue Low energy Changes in appetite Changes in weight Oversleeping Insomnia or sleeping problems Headaches Stomach aches Other physical problems without any explanation Therefore, this is one of the reasons why depression is sometimes hard to diagnose. The teenager may constantly complain about being physically sick while not understanding that depression may play a role in the problem. Cognitive Symptoms Depression may influence the thinking ability of teenagers as well. They may experience: Problems with concentration Memory problems Decision-making problems Negative self-talk Thoughts of failure Hopelessness about the future Guilt Suicidal thoughts For example, a good student who used to concentrate on their studies suddenly finds it difficult to pay attention and study; however, that happens not because he is being lazy, but due to the fact that depression may hinder concentration. What Causes Depression in Teenagers? Well, there is hardly ever just one simple reason. Several factors can trigger depression, like genetic predisposition, brain issues, stressors, relationships, environment, or other psychological/physical health conditions. The list of potential reasons includes: 1. Family History: Undoubtedly, depression can be passed down from generation to generation. Being from a family of people who suffer from depression can make the young individual more susceptible to the disease, but being from such a family doesn’t necessarily mean the teenager will surely have depression. 2. Stressful and Traumatic Experiences: A teenager may get depression because of: Loss of someone dear Parents getting divorced Family conflicts Moving to a new school Pressure at school Relationships issues Being rejected Being bullied Traumatic events Great disappointment But depression doesn’t always happen due to any obvious reason; sometimes there is no clear trigger that the family members are aware of. 3. Other Psychological Disorders: Depression can co-occur with anxiety disorders, difficulties with concentration (ADHD), behavioral disorders, substance abuse, and other psychological conditions. However, this co-existence of different issues means that the treatment of only one of the symptoms
Bipolar 1 vs. 2 in Teens: Key Differences, Symptoms & Treatment
╰┈➤ Well, there are two forms of bipolar disorder, which include Bipolar I and Bipolar II. However, the main difference lies in the elevated mood experience. In Bipolar I disorder, an individual experiences at least one episode of mania. Nevertheless, for Bipolar II disorder, an individual will have a history of experiencing hypomania and depression, without a history of mania. Mania is a more severe condition that results in hospitalization or psychosis, while hypomania is less severe. Both will have an effect on a teenager’s mood, sleep, energy levels, relationships, academic performance, and other aspects of life. In this article, we will learn to distinguish between bipolar I and bipolar II disorder and how teens and adolescents can overcome them. Bipolar 1 vs 2: Quick Comparison Let’s have an overview of the characteristics of Bipolar I and Bipolar II disorder. Feature Bipolar I Bipolar II Main elevated mood episode Mania Hypomania Depression May occur, but is not required for diagnosis Major depressive episodes are part of the diagnosis Severity of elevated episode More severe Less severe than mania Hospitalization May be required during mania Hypomania does not require hospitalization Psychosis Can occur during severe mania Hypomania itself does not include psychosis Effect on daily life Can be severe Hypomania causes less obvious impairment Can teens experience it? Yes Yes, although diagnosis in young people requires careful assessment Treatment Medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle and family support Medication, psychotherapy, lifestyle and family support Quick insight: It is wrong to think that Bipolar I is just more “bipolar” than Bipolar II. The conditions differ by the type of mood swing cycles rather than by the general mood level. People suffering from Bipolar II may have severe depression and impairment. However, their struggles are real and significant. However, Bipolar II should not be seen as a less severe version of bipolar disorder. It is a mental health condition on its own. What Is Bipolar Disorder? Bipolar disorder is a mental disorder whose defining features are mood swings as well as changes in levels of energy, behavior, activities, sleep, and thinking patterns. Besides, people suffering from bipolar disorder have mood swings that include symptoms such as mania, hypomania, depression, or any combination thereof. Every person experiences great days as well as bad days during adolescence. At the onset of puberty, young people experience changes in their moods due to pressures at school, making friends, and being independent. This disorder is another thing. It involves mood swings that are more intense and happen alongside shifts in energy, activity, sleep patterns, thoughts, and actions. Such episodes can have an effect on academic life, relationships, and even routine activities. Moreover, this disorder usually starts in late teenage years or early adulthood, although it can develop before this stage as well. What Is Bipolar I Disorder? The symptoms of Bipolar I include having one or more manic episodes. Manic episodes include an unambiguous period of unusually elevated, expansive, or irritable mood accompanied by increased activity or energy. This usually lasts for at least seven days or requires hospitalization because of its severity. However, a person can experience a depressive episode usually but it is not necessary that he is suffering from Bipolar I disorder. Symptoms of Mania in Teens: A teen with mania can: Speak much faster than usual Have racing thoughts Switch from one topic to another quickly Get little sleep and not feel tired from that Be more energetic than usual Feel very confident or powerful Feel irritable Act impulsively and engage in dangerous behavior Spending money without thinking about consequences Become very sociable or hyperactive Begin many projects at once Get distracted easily Make bad decisions Have psychotic symptoms in some cases According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), fast talking, racing thoughts, decreased need for sleep, increased activity, irritability, grandiosity, and impulsiveness are some examples of possible mania symptoms in children and adolescents. Example: For instance, think of a usually quiet 16-year-old teenager who now sleeps just three hours at night but claims to be totally energized. So, all day he is always talking, starting many new ventures, and acting overly confident in addition to being impulsive. This type of behavior needs professional attention because it is quite different from a few days of being energetic. What Is Bipolar II Disorder? Bipolar II disorder is characterized by hypomanic episodes as well as major depressive episodes. Hypomania resembles mania but is not quite so severe. Thus, a teenager becomes more energetic, talkative, productive, confident, or active than normal. They have less need for sleep and have racing thoughts. But the hypomania does not become so severe as to qualify as a manic episode. Signs of Hypomania in Teens: Teenagers having hypomania will: Be more talkative than normal Have less need for sleep Be very energetic Become more productive Feel more confident than normal Come up with many new ideas Become more social than normal Become easily distracted Take certain kinds of risks Be cheerfully or irritably happy Thus, these experiences might even be pleasant for the teenager. The teenager might think: “This is the most productive I have ever been.” So, this makes Bipolar II hard to diagnose. In the end, the teenager may get help due to depression and not due to hypomania. Bipolar I vs Bipolar II: The Main Difference A simple rule to help remember the differences is: Bipolar I Disorder = Mania Bipolar II Disorder = Hypomania and Major Depression So, the distinction between the two is clinically relevant because: Mania could be serious enough to affect a teen’s functionality both at school and at home to the point that they would need to be hospitalized. Hypomania is not quite as serious but can still affect behavior and can result in severe depression. Why Does the Difference Matters? Consider two Adolescents: Adolescent A: Adolescent A goes through a phase of intense energy, lack of sleep, gets seriously impaired, acts impulsively, and ultimately
Mental Health Treatment for Teens: Types, Benefits, and Help
╰┈➤ Mental health treatment allows teens to deal with emotional, behavioral, and psychological problems that stop them from doing everyday things. Depending on the mental disorder, treatment will include psychotherapy, cognitive behavioral therapy, family therapy, medications, or school-based programs. However, the right choice depends on the teen’s symptoms, age, diagnosis, safety, family situation, and how much the problem affects them. So, in this article, we will discuss how early mental intervention makes it easier for teens to handle issues such as depression, anxiety disorders, trauma, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ADHD, and other mental problems before they seriously impair their daily life. What Is Mental Health Treatment? Mental health treatment involves professional treatment for improving emotional health, thinking, behavior, and the ability to do daily life functions. Well, treatment for teens differs from adult mental health treatment because teens are still growing psychologically, socially, and on cognitive levels. Context matters in this case as well. School pressure, peer relations, family issues, bullying, social media, school grades, trauma, sleeping problems, and transition periods can affect the well-being of youth. Thus, it is very important to pay attention not only to symptoms when treating the mental well-being of youth. For example, when teenagers skip school all the time, the problem looks like an academic one, while in reality it may arise due to anxiety, depression, bullying, panic attacks, or anything else. That is why assessment of the root cause for any behavioral or emotional changes in teens comes before the selection of treatment type. According to the National Institute of Mental Health (NIMH), the early identification of behavior changes helps clinicians determine if the stress experienced by the adolescent is due to normal developmental processes or a mental health condition that needs treatment. When Does a Teen Need Mental Health Services? Well, not every bad day needs counseling. It is a part of the growth phase if adolescents go through mood swings, stress, frustration, disappointment, and even anxiety at times. However, the question becomes more relevant as one sees persistent symptoms that are intense or interfering with daily living. Some Indicators That a Teen May Need Help: The following are the behaviors and signs through which one may understand that a teen needs professional help. Sadness and hopelessness that won’t go away Overwhelming worry and fear Regular panic attacks Irritability Withdrawal from others Drastic sleep and appetite changes Loss of interest in once enjoyed activities Trouble at school or poor performance in class Difficulty concentrating Emotional outburst Self-injury and suicidal thoughts Unexpected behavior change Drug abuse Trauma symptoms Severe mood shifts Relationship issues with friends and family members Though having one symptom doesn’t mean there is a mental illness. It depends on how often, how severe, and how long it has been going on. How Does Mental Health Treatment Work for Teens? Well, the process often starts with the evaluation process. Initially, the professional in charge of the treatment may ask the teenager and their parents some questions regarding their symptoms, schooling, relationships, sleep, physical condition, medications, background, stressful experiences, and general functioning. Following a proper assessment, a clinician then makes an individualized treatment plan. In the case of teens, the National Institute of Mental Health states that treatment may include psychotherapy, drugs, family counseling, and assistance for the parents. However, it is not just aimed at removing the symptoms. A good treatment is supposed to improve a teenager’s functioning. Following a good mental health treatment, teens may show positive results like: Going to school more often Sleeping more regularly Reducing anxiety Improving relationships Decreasing impulsive actions Learning how to cope with things Processing trauma Regulating emotions Improving concentration Gaining confidence and independence Types of Mental Health Treatments for Teens: Not all mental illnesses are the same; different types of mental illnesses require different treatment techniques. While some teens may be able to overcome their mental issues with only one type of Mental Health treatment technique, others need more than one approach to deal with their problems. 1. Psychotherapy Psychotherapy, or talk therapy, is one of the widely used treatments for mental health issues among teens. So, the role of the therapist is to help the teens analyze their thoughts, feelings, behavior, relationships, and coping mechanisms. Not all therapy entails sitting down in a chair and spending an hour discussing the past. Today’s psychotherapy is very practical in nature. The therapist may help the teen: Recognize unhealthy patterns of thinking Cope with intense feelings Learn effective communication techniques Deal with problems Overcome fears Develop coping skills Improve relationships Establish realistic goals Recognize triggers 2. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) Well, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT) is a well-proven and widely used psychotherapeutic approach based on scientific evidence. The AACAP states that CBT is an established psychotherapy for children and teens. It helps teens to identify distorted thought patterns and make them think that their thoughts, feelings, and actions are interrelated. Thus, it helps them to challenge such negative thoughts and replace them with positive ones. For instance: Thought: “All my schoolmates think I am stupid.” Feelings: Anxiety and shame. Action: Avoiding interaction with other students. So, a CBT therapist may encourage the teen to explore the truth of the thought and adopt a more balanced reaction. Moreover, there are various conditions that CBT can be applied to in adolescents, such as anxiety and depression. 3. Trauma-focused Therapy Sadly, some teenagers exhibit psychological disorders due to traumatic experiences that they might have gone through. Trauma is any experience such as abuse, assault, accidents, losses, neglect, or any other experience that is highly distressing to an individual. Therefore, the goal of trauma-focused therapy is to assist teenagers in overcoming their traumas and acquiring proper coping skills. Most importantly, this kind of therapy doesn’t involve pressuring a teen to discuss his trauma. It is just the provision of a structured therapy environment. In the end, an experienced therapist adopts different therapeutic approaches as per the severity of the symptoms in
Flight of Ideas: Meaning, Symptoms, Causes, and Examples
╰┈➤ Well, at the onset of puberty, most teenagers are going through a mental battle of different ideas. However, flight of Ideas is an accelerated thought process that entails quick shifts from one idea to another and makes it hard for a person to make sense in their speech. This can happen due to the connections that the ideas have in relation to each other. Although fast thinking happens at times for most adolescents, a noticeable flight of ideas occurs during mania or hypomania, especially in people who suffer from bipolar disorder. It is important for teenagers to be able to tell the difference between normal fast thinking and flights of ideas. This article will give insights into the complete concept of flight of ideas, its symptoms, causes, and how to overcome it. What is Flight of Ideas? Flight of ideas is a type of anarchy of the thought processes whereby ideas jump from one topic to another very quickly. In a teen suffering from this condition, he can begin talking about his studies, then suddenly switch to his friend, then switch to a song, and finally to his business ideas for the future in just one conversation. However, the thoughts are usually connected somehow, though sometimes in an odd manner not easy for other people to comprehend. For instance, a teen’s conversation may be like this: “I have to do my homework. Thinking about homework brings me to my teacher. The teacher drives a blue car. I love the color. Well, I need to paint my room blue. Perhaps I should also move my furniture.” So, the thinker jumps through topics very fast. Every single idea is slightly linked to the previous one, but all of this makes the entire discussion confusing. Furthermore, flight of ideas in clinical literature is referred to as rapid changes of thoughts that are slightly connected. This is a description of the thought process and not a disease in itself. What Does Flight of Ideas Look Like in Teens? So, the most prominent symptom of this condition is the rapidity of speech and shifting of themes. For example, a teenager can: Speak excessively fast. Shift quickly from one topic to another. Introduce several different ideas in a single conversation. Get distracted easily. Fail to stick to one question or topic. See connections between things that are clear to them but hard for others to understand. Interrupt the speaker because the person feels the necessity to say something else. Wander away from the asked question without answering it. Behave in an overly stimulated way. So, the patient might not be aware that his speech is getting confusing or difficult to understand for listeners. Besides, it is important to distinguish flight of ideas from excessive talkativeness. A talkative teenager would be able to express himself in a more organized manner and come back to the initial topic after asking a question. Flight of Ideas Example: Consider that a teenager is asked: “Was your day at school good?” Usually, one would reply: “Yes. Today we had a math test, and I believe I did fine.” However, a person who suffers from flight of ideas may answer something like this: “The math test was easy for me. I love mathematics. Mathematics reminds me about money. Money can be earned online. My cousin sells stuff online, and he has got a new phone. I need to have a new phone because my old one is too slow.” Here, the problem arises when this dialogue moves along all the time, and the speaker cannot stop to put his answers together. In this case, each thought individually is not meaningless. The trouble is in the speed of its formation and switching. Flight of Ideas vs Racing Thoughts Well, both terms seem alike, but they are not the same. Racing thoughts are fast-moving thoughts in someone’s head. They include various thoughts, ideas, or mental pictures. One may have racing thoughts without speaking very fast. Flight of ideas is more observable in someone’s speech. Such a person jumps very fast from one idea to another while speaking. Thus, it is very irritating and difficult for the listener to understand what is being said. Therefore, we can better understand it this way: Racing thoughts Flight of ideas Mainly describes rapid internal thinking. Describes a rapidly shifting thought process expressed in speech May happen without noticeable speech changes Often involves rapid or pressured speech. Thoughts can focus on one concern. Topics may shift repeatedly. Can occur with anxiety or stress Commonly associated with manic states. May feel overwhelming May make conversation difficult to follow Note: The teenager experiences racing thoughts without having a flight of ideas. Flight of ideas v. Overthinking Overthinking is when a person keeps on analyzing the same problem or situation or their fear and decision. Example of Overthinking: “Did I hurt my friend? Should I send a text to her? What if she does not reply? Maybe she is angry with me.” So, their thoughts keep revolving around the same point. On the other hand, flight of ideas takes place in a different way, where a person moves from one subject to another very quickly. Example of Flight of Ideas: “My friend did not send me a text. I should see whether there is a message on my phone. The battery of my phone is running low. I have to get a charger. Chargers are expensive. Maybe I could manufacture them and sell them.” Is Flight of Ideas a Mental Disorder? Not at all. Flight of ideas is not a mental diagnosis on its own. It is a clinical observation regarding a patient’s mode of thinking and is used by healthcare providers along with other symptoms, behavior, changes in mood and sleep, speech, concentration, judgment, and ability to function properly. For instance, a mental status examination includes assessment of appearance, behavior, speech, mood, thought process, thought content, perception, cognition, insight, and
Spatial Awareness in Teens: Signs, Causes, and How to Improve It
╰┈➤ Do you know what it is like to bump into a desk when moving around a room, finding it hard to judge the distance between two objects, and feeling confused in an unfamiliar environment? Well, everybody does that, but your brain can do hundreds of spatial judgments a day without you even knowing it. Spatial awareness enables you to know the position of your own body, where other things are located, and how they all relate to each other. During adolescence, such important spatial skills are developing, but these skills do not develop simultaneously and equally in everyone, so one teenager will be good at sports and navigation, and the other one will be more skilled in drawing, construction, and geometry. In this article, we will get to know why spatial awareness is useful for teens to identify their strengths and work on their weaknesses. What Is Spatial Awareness? Spatial awareness is the skill that lets you see where your body relates compared to people or objects and the environment around you. During your daily activities, your brain continually attempts to answer questions like: Where am I? How far is the object? Can I get through the area? What direction should I go? How close is that person? How does the object look from different angles? Moreover, scientific studies have shown that adolescents experience continued development of their visuospatial abilities. One of the long-term studies of adolescents revealed an improvement of visuospatial ability and visual search performance with age among teenagers. So, for adolescents, spatial awareness is important for activities like sports, navigation, art drawing, math, science, coordination, and everyday activities. Therefore, spatial awareness is not only a skill required in school. It is a whole course of life. Why Is Spatial Awareness Important for Teenagers? Spatial awareness is something that is much more common in your life than you probably realize. Real Life Examples: 1. How about moving down the hallway at school? Your mind calculates how far away everyone else is, their speed, and direction. So, based on this perception, you decide to change your direction or not. 2. What about participating in activities such as football or basketball? In these activities, you must judge speed, distance, direction, and the location of other people almost simultaneously. Spatial reasoning skills have even been proven to play a role in education. Studies have proven the importance of spatial skills when it comes to learning in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM). More examples in everyday life include: Navigating your way around an unfamiliar building Throwing or kicking a ball Cycling Driving or parking a car in the future Map reading Interpreting diagrams Object drawing Geometry Building objects Distance Judging Navigating around crowded areas Therefore, spatial awareness is not a “sports skill,” but a survival tool in your everyday life. How Does Spatial Awareness Develop During Adolescence? Well, the process of spatial development does not stop at the end of childhood. Adolescents also develop visuospatial skills such as spatial memory and visuospatial ability. A study with 330 participants between the ages of 11 and 20 showed significant age-related development in visuospatial memory and ability among adolescents. However, this does not imply that every adolescent develops in the exact same manner. While one teenager may excel at math and video games but not sports, another adolescent may excel at navigating unfamiliar terrain but may have trouble reading technical drawings. In the end, spatial ability is multidimensional. So, being good at one kind of spatial task doesn’t mean you’re equally good at all of them. What are the Signs of Poor Spatial Awareness in Teenagers? Now and then people knock into tables or take the wrong turn, but that does not necessarily mean there is something to worry about. It is normal. But consistent difficulties in a variety of situations could be a cause for concern. Concern rises when: Knocking into things frequently Difficulty judging distances Problems navigating through new environments Difficulty understanding directional language such as left or right Trouble copying shapes or drawings Difficulty organizing objects spatially Difficulty with tasks involving puzzles or building things Difficulty catching or hitting a ball Difficulty with writing or drawing Difficulty judging the compatibility of objects Balance and coordination difficulties The important thing to know is whether the difficulties interfere with daily living, schoolwork, physical activities, or independence. What Causes Poor Spatial Awareness in Teens? Well, there is no one particular reason for poor spatial awareness. Spatial skills are acquired due to the combined effect of brain development, perception, movement, learning, and experiences. Some teenagers are more adept at spatial skills than others naturally. But in some cases, persistent problems may coexist with certain developmental or neurological abnormalities. 1. Normal Developmental Differences: Not all teenagers grow in an identical manner with regard to each and every skill. For instance, one teenager may be good at spatial reasoning but poor at verbal expression while another may be good at verbal expression but needs work on spatial skills. 2. Attention Issues: Attention is relevant to the performance of spatial skills. If a teenager experiences problems with attention, then they will tend to overlook any visual cues in their surroundings. Consequently, the teenager may look like they have poor spatial skills despite having good spatial reasoning. 3. Developmental Coordination Problems There are teenagers who find it hard to coordinate movements. So, Developmental Coordination Disorder (DCD) might be present in such cases, which involve problems in motor coordination. Thus, the teenager may come across as being clumsy. As a result, he may have problems with any activity that requires coordination of movement and space. 4. Autism and Visual-Spatial Processing: Well, teens with autism sometimes have visual-spatial processing issues. It is important to remember that autism does not automatically mean trouble with spatial perception. In fact, many people with autism have remarkable visual-spatial skills. So, this shows that neurodevelopmental disorders contain a mix of strengths and weaknesses.
Scopophobia: Fear of Being Stared At in Teens | Symptoms & Treatment
╰┈➤ Well, it is normal to be anxious and uncomfortable when someone is staring at you, especially at the onset of puberty when you are more sensitive about your looks, your identity, and your friend circle. However, some teens and adolescents get extremely frightened when they feel that someone is staring at them. So, this is where the “fear of being stared at” or “scopophobia” comes in. Not only does it have effects on social skills, but it might even prevent one from attending class activities, having conversations, delivering presentations, and having one’s picture taken. This article aims at understanding the symptoms of this condition, causes, and its relation to social anxiety disorder to determine whether self-consciousness to this extent should be addressed or not. What Is Scopophobia? Scopophobia refers to extreme fear or uneasiness you feel when you notice someone is staring at you. However, this fear can be very intense for a teenager suffering from scopophobia, even if there is no real cause for the fear. Well, the problem starts when this fear goes beyond just being self-conscious. It makes teens reluctant to answer questions in class, eat in front of others, make eye contact, take part in any kind of activity, and participate in social events. On the other hand, in relation to social anxiety, scopophobia is at the top of the list to talk about, because fear of being watched or judged is a major symptom of social anxiety disorder. Scopophobia, however, does not exist as a specific diagnosis. Symptoms and their consequences are important, rather than diagnosis itself. Moreover, the difference between self-consciousness and scopophobia is very important to understand for teenagers. Teen years come with great concern about one’s appearance, popularity, and other people’s opinions. It is normal for them to be self-conscious, but fear that interferes with life needs attention. What Does Scopophobia Feel Like? To a teenager, scopophobia feels like being in “Spotlight” even though there may not be any real focus on him. The teenage sufferer may believe: “They are all looking at me.” “They will notice something humiliating.” “They will think that I look weird.” “I don’t know where to look.” “What if I shake or blush?” “I must leave here.” So, such thoughts can trigger the fight or flight response of the body. Scopophobia Symptoms in Teens: Well, Scopophobia does not always manifest itself in a very obvious manner. Mostly, teens go into isolation and adopt weird ways to escape from the limelight. So, you can see the following symptoms in such teens Emotional Symptoms: Emotional symptoms include: Severe embarrassment Fear of judgment Being constantly self-conscious Fear of interacting with new people Public blunder phobia Fear of looking foolish Severe eye contact aversion Permanent fear of being observed Behavioral Symptoms: You may observe a teen doing the following: Steering clear of crowds Not willing to speak up in class Hate of speaking in public Preferring seats in the back of a classroom Avoiding photos Covering one’s face Avoiding eye contact Eating alone Skipping social gatherings Avoiding extracurricular activities Requesting to stay at home from school Physical Symptoms: The physical symptoms of this disorder can include: Blushing Sweating Shaking Pounding heart Nausea Dizziness Tightening of muscles Trouble speaking Feeling mentally blank Breathing troubles Moreover, the physical symptoms of social anxiety disorder can be similar and involve avoiding people and situations, difficulty with eye contact, trembling, sweating, and fear of negative judgments. Why is Scopophobia so Hard for Adolescents? Well, the adolescent age stage brings increased identity consciousness and peer acceptance. Teenagers frequently experience concerns related to: Appearance Friendship Academic performance at school Social networks Dating Being popular Belongingness Making mistakes For example, imagine a teenager who knows the answer to a teacher’s question but does not want to lift his hand due to fear that all eyes will be on him. So, this is not due to a lack of knowledge on the part of the students. Instead, the fear of being noticed has become an obstacle in showing their knowledge. Eventually, this may have an impact on self-confidence, relationships, and school attendance. Scopophobia vs. Normal Self-Consciousness vs. Social Anxiety Disorder At times, most teenagers do get embarrassed when people stare at them. That does not necessarily mean that they are suffering from scopophobia or social anxiety. However, the main difference lies in the degree and effects of that fear. According to Medline Plus, anyone who suffers from fear of being judged, watched, or ridiculed might be exhibiting some of the signs of social anxiety disorder. Normal self-consciousness: Normal confusion or self-consciousness states that a teenager may get scared before making a presentation. However, he still goes ahead with it. Scopophobia: The teenager may develop extreme anxiety that causes the teenager to avoid presentations, classes, parties, or any other activity, for that matter. Social Anxiety Disorder: Social anxiety disorder is usually characterized by fear of situations in which the teenager could be judged, criticized, rejected, or embarrassed, thus interfering significantly with the teenager’s life activities. For instance, a teenager who suffers from social anxiety may be afraid of: Speaking in class Meeting new people Talking to teachers Eating with other people Performing Making phone calls Being watched So, only a mental health professional can assess whether the symptoms relate to social anxiety disorder, specific phobia, or just temporary self-consciousness. What Causes Scopophobia? Well, there is no single cause. There are multiple reasons why a person can have an extreme fear of being watched or judged. Negative Social Experiences: This includes bullying, ridicule, embarrassment, or being criticized. For instance, a young individual who is regularly teased because of his appearance will assume that everyone else is looking at him too. Social Anxiety: Scopophobia frequently coexists with social anxiety. With social anxiety disorder, a teen remains extremely lost in thoughts about what others think of him and perceives normal attention as criticism and judgment. Trauma or Embarrassing Experience: Sometimes